Table 2 Details on mesenchymal stromal cells used in clinical studies

BMMSC

Collagen gel

5 × 10⁶/ml

αMEM, 15% AS

Single passaged

CD73, CD90, CD105+, CD14, CD34, HLA-DR-

[25,27,28]

BMMSC

Hydroxyapatite ceramic

1.15 × 10⁶ in total

DMEM, 15% AS

Single passaged

[26]

BMMSC

Fibrin glue with periosteum

2 × 10⁶ cells/cm²

DMEM, 10% FBS, 50 μg/ml AA2P, 1% antibiotic-antimycotic

Single passaged

CD90, CD105+, CD14, CD34-

[38]

BMMSC

Platelet-rich fibrin gel

2 × 10⁶ cells/cm²

DMEM, 10% FBS, 1% pen/strep

Single passaged

CD73+, CD34, CD45-

[29]

BMMSC

Collagen scaffold

DMEM, 10%, FBS 1% pen/strep

Passaged

[30]

BMMSC

Membrane

NCT00885729

BMMSC

Periosteum

Passaged

NCT00891501

BMMSC

Type I collagen scaffold

Passaged

NCT00850187

PBMSC

Collagen membrane

1.25-5.2 × 10⁶

N/A

Unpassaged

[40]

ATMSC

Periosteum

Passaged

NCT01399749

SMSC

SMSC TEC

[16,17]

UMSC

Sodium hyaluronate

Passaged

[20] NCT01041001

BMMSC and AC

Fibrin glue

2 × 10⁶ cells/cm²

αMEM, 5% platelet lysate

Passage 3

CD73, CD90, CD105+, CD45, CD34, CD11b, CD14, CD31, CD79, CD19, HLA-DR-

[3,46] NCT02037204