Fig. 6

Exosomes restored the balance between adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of irradiated BM-MSCs. a RT-PCR analyses of adipogenic and osteogenic genes, including PPARγ, Ebf1, Runx2, and OPG. Gene expression was normalized to β-actin and control. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments, t test). *p < 0.05. b Western blot analysis of PPARγ and RUNX2. c BM-MSCs were stained with alizarin red after 14 days of osteogenic induction. d Western blot analysis of RUNX2 after 14 days of osteogenic induction. e BM-MSCs were stained with oil O after 15 days of adipogenic induction. f Western blot analysis of PPARγ after 15 days of adipogenic induction