Fig. 4

VIP mitigates irradiation-induced injury in intestinal organoids. A Experimental outline and treatment scheme. B Flow cytometry analysis of Lgr5-EGFP + progenitor cells in irradiated organoids following VIP treatment (n = 6 per group). C Flow cytometry analysis of Lgr5-EGFP + cell progeny in irradiated organoids following VIP treatment (n = 4 per group). D Analysis of cell proliferation in irradiated organoids following VIP treatment determined by EdU assay (n = 10 per group). E Quantification of apoptotic cells in irradiated organoids following VIP treatment determined by TUNEL assay (n = 8 per group). F CellTiter-Glo assay showing increased ATP levels in irradiated organoids following VIP treatment (n = 4 per group). G VIP-induced differential upregulation of hallmark pathways in Lgr5-EGFP + progenitor cells in irradiated samples compared to irradiated organoids in the absence of VIP. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Data are shown as means ± SEM, n = number of biological replicates. Statistical analysis was performed by paired Student’s t-test in (B–F)