Fig. 1

Experimental protocol. a Schematic representation of the cell culture protocol. Starting from hiPSCs cultures, excitatory (E, red) and inhibitory (I, blue) iNeurons were obtained. b Sketch of the three configurations obtained by varying the ratio between glutamatergic (red) and GABAergic (blue) neurons in the neuronal cultures. Neurons were co-plated with rat astrocytes (green) in the active area of the MEAs, characterized by 60 electrodes. c Sketch of the experimental protocol performed. The spontaneous activity was recorded for 10 min. Subsequently, one of the five drugs (i.e., APV, CNQX, BIC, PTX, or PTZ) was added to the neuronal culture medium and the electrophysiological activity was recorded for 40 min. d Table representing the number of the recorded neuronal cultures for each configuration and for each drug