Fig. 5
Characterization of genetically modified DPSCs. a CCK8 assay analysis of the proliferation of DPSCs, DPSCs-shCtr, DPSCs-shB2M, and DPSCs-shCIITA at different time points. b, c The osteogenic differentiation assay (× 4) stained calcium deposits with Alizarin Red. Image J software was used to quantify the percentage of Alizarin Red staining area. d, e Adipogenic differentiation assay (× 20), the lipid droplets were stained with Oil red O, and the lipid droplet area percentage was calculated by Image J software. f, g Neurogenic differentiation assay (× 20), the green fluorescence denoted Tuj1, and the blue fluorescence denoted DAPI. The mean fluorescent intensity of Tuj1 in different groups was computed by utilizing Image J software. ns = no significant difference. Data are represented as mean ± SD (n = 3)