Table 1 The Role of Different Exosomal Contents in Bone Regeneration

miR-130a-3p

Pro-

SIRT7

ADSCs

[93]

miR-140-3p

Pro-

Plxnb1

BMSC

[101]

miRNA-128-3p

Pro-

Smad5

MSC

[63]

miR-23a-5p

Anti-

Runx2

Osteoclast

[94]

miR-122-5p

Pro-

SPRY2

BMSC

[95]

miR-223

Anti-

cGMP-PKG

Neutrophil-like cells

[96]

miR-181b-5p

Pro-

PTEN

Osteocyte

[97]

miR-375

Pro-

IGFBP3

hADSCs

[98]

miR-17-5p

Pro-

SMAD7

BMSC

[100]

miR-155

Anti-

BMP2/BMP9 /Runx2

M1 macrophage

[68]

miR-486-5p

Pro-

SMAD2

M2 macrophage

[65]

miR-26a

Pro-

angiogenesis

hCD34⁺ stem cells

[74]

miR-19b

Pro-

WWP1 and Smurf2

BMSC

[64]

miR-100-5p

Anti-

mTOR

Bone tissues

[102]

miR-335

Pro-

LATS1

Mature dendritic cells

[103]

miR-1260a

Pro-

HDAC7 and COL4A2

BMSC

[104]

miR‐92a‐1‐5p

Anti-

COL1A1

Prostate cancer

[70]

miR-140-5p

Anti-

IGF1R

(OPLL)cell

[69]

miR-5134-5p

Anti-

JAK2/STAT3 Axis

Osteoclasts

[105]

miR-424-5p

Anti-

wif1

BMSCs

[106]

miR-151-3p

Anti-

PAFAH1B1

BMSC

[108]

LncRNAs

Lnc TCONS_00072128

Pro-

caspase 8

PMOP serum

[107]

Lnc NEAT1

Pro-

DDX3X/NLRP3

HUVECs

[71]

Lnc RNA H19

Pro-

miR‐467/HoxA10

BMSC

[73]

Lnc NONMMUT000375.2

Anti-

Wnt11

RAW264.7

[110]

Lnc RNA MALAT1

Pro-

microRNA-34c/SATB2

BMSC

[111]

Lnc TUG1

Pro-

miR-22-5p/Anxa8

BMSC

[112]

Lnc RUNX2-AS1

Anti-

RUNX2

multiple myeloma cells

[75]

Lnc NEAT1

Pro-

miR205-5p/SFPQ/PTBP2

prostate cancer cells

[77]

Lnc LIOCE

Pro-

osx

inflammatory osteoclasts

[76]

circRNAs

circ_HIPK3

Pro-

miR-29a-5p /PINK1

BMSCs

[80]

circ_0006859

Anti-

miR-431-5p

Osteoporosis serum

[79]

circ_LPAR1

Pro-

hsa-miR-31

DPSCs

[114]

circ_FAM63

Anti-

miR-578/HMGA2

PMOP serum

[84]

Protein

Prrx2

Anti-

lncRNA-MIR22HG

Myoblast

[86]

VEGF

Pro-

VEGF/ VEGFR

ATDC5

[115]

IL-10

Pro-

IL-10/IL-10R

M2

[116]

UCHL3

Pro-

SMAD1

BMDM

[92]

MATN3

Anti-

TGF-β

UDSCs

[117]

URG-4

Pro-

Wnt

BMSCs

[118]