Fig. 2

Generation of Vascularized Pancreatic Progenitors (vPP). (A) A schematic representation of the PP and vPP differentiation protocol. The PP differentiation scheme was adapted from Chen et al. Our vPP protocol facilitates the simultaneous induction of both EC and PP from Day 4 to Day 10. (Created in BioRender: https://BioRender.com/d21p796). (B) Flow cytometry analysis of EC marker CD34. (C and D) Quantitative PCR analysis of EC markers (CD34, CD31, CDH5), PP markers (PDX1, SOX9, NKX6.1), and pericyte markers (PDGFRβ, α-SMA). (E) Immunostaining of generated PP (day 10) against PDX1 and CD31, comparing the vPP and Chen’s protocols. Scale bar, 250 μm. (F) Cell counting analysis. Statistical analysis of cell counts after re-inoculation for 3 days with an equal number of cells on Day 10 under both protocols. (G) Immunostaining of generated PP (day 10) against Ki67, comparing the vPP and Chen’s protocol. Scale bar, 100 μm. (n = 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ns: no statistical differences)