Fig. 4

Intranasal delivery of hMSCs inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the ischemic brain. A–C: qPCR analysis of IFN-γ (A), TNF-α (B) and IL-1β (C) mRNA expression in brain tissues after ischemic stroke treated with hMSC-L and hMSC-M. D–E: qPCR analysis of CXCL1 (D), CXCL2 (E) and CCL3 (F) mRNA expression in brain tissues after ischemic stroke treated with hMSC-L and hMSC-M. n = 5, versus MCAO ns: no significance; ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01,.^***P < 0.001