Fig. 1

The effects of ADSCs to repair TMJ in vivo [137, 138]. A. a Gross observation of the recovery condition of rabbit osteochondral defect. b Micro-CT demonstrated the osteochondral regeneration of condyle. c H&E staining of TMJ sections. Black boxes indicate the microscopic field of view illustrated below in the higher magnification panels. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [137] Copyright 2022 Wiley–VCH GmbH. A. a Gross observation of the smoothness of the cartilaginous surface of rabbit TMJ OA models. b The condition of cartilaginous surface by SEM. c H&E staining describes the structure of cartilage layers, tide line and matrix under the cartilage. (I), (II), (III), (IV) mean blank, model, experimental and control groups respectively. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [138] Copyright 2023 Informa UK Limited