Fig. 5
From: Advanced progress of adipose-derived stem cells-related biomaterials in maxillofacial regeneration
The protective role of AD-MSCs [236]. The left half of this diagram elucidates that the AD-MSCs existing in the SVF extracted from adipose tissue possess functions such as anti-oxidation, immunomodulation, paracrine activities, growth factors discharge, nutrients and oxygen release. The right half of the figure demonstrates four mechanisms by which UV causes photoaging, including ROS production, MAPK activation, MMPs production and collagen degradation. AD-MSC primarily targets the aforementioned mechanisms to provide protection for photoaged skin. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [236] Copyright 2021 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland)