Fig. 1

Cellular and molecular functions of LncRNAs. These molecules as non-coding RNAs, although they do not code proteins, play key regulatory roles in the expression of genes and other cellular processes. LncRNAs activate or suppress genes by interacting with chromosomes or attracting and absorbing regulatory proteins and somehow causing transcriptional regulation. Also, they can increase their expression and strengthen the transcription process through interaction with the enhancer of genes. LncRNAs can participate in mRNA splicing and play an essential role in the formation of mature mRNA. These non-coding RNAs also prevent miRNAs from binding to the target mRNA by sponging them and preventing its degradation by miRNAs. In addition, by interacting with mRNA and preventing its degradation, they can also help maintain the stability of mRNA molecules. Another ability of LncRNAs is its direct interaction with mRNA and ribosomes to help the protein translation process