Fig. 1





DW treatment promoted Tregs and Bregs expansion, suppressed Th17, DN T cells, and Inflammatory neutrophils by upregulating IL-10 and downregulating IL-17A. Isolated PBMCs were stimulated and treated with DW and W for 24 h and checked for the frequency of A CD4+ CD25+, CD4+ CD25+ CD127−, CD4+ CD25+ CD127− IL-10+, CD4+ IL-10+, CD4+ FOXP3+ and CD4+ FOXP3+ IL-10+ Tregs B frequency of CD19+ B cells, IL-10-producing CD19+ B cells, PD-1 positive CD19+ B cells and Breg (CD19+ CD24+ CD27+) C CD3+CD4−CD8− DN population of T cells, D inflammatory CD4+ cells, expressing both IL-17A and PD-1, E CD15+ CD3− neutrophils and CD15+ CD3− PD-1+ cells. The contour plots depict findings from a sample of 30 patients with SLE, and corresponding bar graphs are presented with a sample size of 30. Error bars show mean ± SD. p values indicate significant changes as follows: non-significant (ns) p > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001; One-way ANOVA