Fig. 3
From: Functional regeneration strategies of hair follicles: advances and challenges
Strategies for inducing skin organoids from PSCs. (a) In the classical protocol, the use of a TGFβ inhibitor (SB431542) and BMP4 facilitates the differentiation of surface ectoderm, followed by the administration of FGF and a BMP inhibitor (LDN-193189) to prompt the formation of CNCCs. This process results in the development of enclosed cysts with an inside-out morphology, which matures into planar skin following transplantation. (b) A modified approach incorporates a Wnt activator (CHIR99021) and ALI culture, transforming the enclosed aggregates into larger, open skin organoids.