From: Functional regeneration strategies of hair follicles: advances and challenges
Method | Advantages | Drawbacks | Potential solutions |
---|---|---|---|
Follicle germ assembling | • Easy self-assembling procedures • Short culturing period | • Ethical issues and immune rejection • DPCs tend to lose trichogenicity in vitro. | • Progenitor cells may be specified from iPSCs. • 3D culture and genetic reprogramming helps to reserve the inducibility of DPCs. |
Skin organoid induction | • No ethical issues • Abundant access to iPSCs • iPSCs induction can not only generate HFs, but also establish HF-bearing skin. | • Long period to coax PSCs into skin organoids • Concerning safety • Organoids described in current studies only recapitulate facial skin, excluding the induction of scalp skin. | • Optimized environmental conditioning and genetic modifications may induce more competent organoids. • In situ incubation may work more efficiently than chemical cocktails. • Scalp HFs may be attained through the induction of mesodermal cells. |
Bioprinting | • Automated • High throughput • Generating HF-bearing skin • Realizing in situ restoration | • Primary cell sources restrain the standardized manufacture. • Limited cell density in the printing process | • The development of universal cells holds promise for standardizing a bioprinting streamline and achieving an immediate repair. • The spontaneous contraction may be utilized to achieve the desired density. |