Fig. 2

Transplanted GES-1 gastric epithelial mitochondria into gastric cancer cells increased the level of intracellular ROS and modulated mitochondrial metabolism. (A) Superoxide generation in mitochondria was analyzed by performing mitoSOX Deep Red staining through flow cytometry after GES-1 mitochondrial transplantation for 24 h in MKN45 or AGS cells. (B) Quantification of mitochondrial superoxide generation. (C) Intracellular superoxide level was analyzed by performing DHE staining through flow cytometry after GES-1 mitochondrial transplantation for 24 h in MKN45 or AGS cells. (D) Quantification of intracellular superoxide level. (E) OXPHOS profiles, (F) spare respiratory capacity, (G) maximal respiration, and (H) basal respiration of MKN45 cells after GES-1 mitochondrial transplantation for 24 h were evaluated via a Seahorse bioanalyzer. (I) ATP concentration was analyzed via an ATPlite kit. Data are presented as the means ± SEMs; n ≥ 3 for independent experiments; two-tailed Student’s t test: *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01