Fig. 1
From: Erythropoietin delivery through kidney organoids engineered with an episomal DNA vector
Human kidney organoids produce EPO under hypoxia. A. Schematic overview of the kidney organoid differentiation procedure. B. Bright-field image of a kidney organoid (scale bar = 200 μm). C. Immunofluorescence image of a kidney organoid section stained for the glomerular marker PODXL (white), the proximal tubular marker Villin-1 (yellow) and the distal tubular marker E-cadherin (red). D. Immunohistochemical staining of kidney organoid section for PDGFRβ (scale bar = 150 μm). E. HIF2α protein levels normalized for actin in kidney organoids cultured for 1–4 h under 20% O2 and 1% O2. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Significance was tested by one-way ANOVA, n = 3. F. EPO release rates of kidney organoids cultured under 20% O2 and 1% O2. A Welch’s t-test was used due to unequal sample sizes; n = 6 for 20% O2, n = 4 for 1% O2. Data are shown as median (IQR). *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01.