Fig. 4

Implantation of EPO + organoids A. Cartoon depicting the implantation of control and EPO + organoids. B. Subcutaneous localization of a kidney organoid 4 weeks after implantation, showing the connection with the dermal vascular system of the host. The yellow dotted line encircles the implanted organoid. C. Human (red) and total (mouse and human, green) PECAM-1 staining in an implanted organoid. D. EPO mRNA expression in explanted control and EPO + kidney organoids 4 weeks after implantation. Data are shown as median (IQR). Welch’s t-test was used to test for significance, n = 8 for control, n = 9 for EPO+. E. Immunohistochemical staining of PODXL, Villin-1, E-cadherin and PECAM-1 in control organoids and EPO + organoids 4 weeks after implantation. F. Quantification of PODXL, Villin-1, E-cadherin and PECAM-1 immunohistochemistry in control organoids and EPO + organoids. Data are shown as mean ± SD. Mann-Whitney tests were used; PODXL: n = 15 for control, n = 20 for EPO+; Villin-1: n = 17 for control, n = 22 for EPO+; E-cadherin: n = 17 for control, n = 21 for EPO+; PECAM-1: n = 13 for control, n = 17 for EPO+. The number of mice in both the control and EPO + groups was 13. G. mRNA expression of PODXL, Villin-1, E-cadherin and PECAM-1 in control organoids and EPO + organoids 4 weeks after implantation. Data are shown as median (IQR). Welch’s t-test was used; n = 8 for control, n = 9 for EPO+. The number of mice involved in the gene expression assay was the same as the number of organoids in each group (n = 8 for control, n = 9 for EPO+). (Statistical significance is indicated as follows: *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001)