Fig. 7
From: Lyophilized MSC-EVs attenuates COVID-19 pathogenesis by regulating the JAK/STAT pathway
The JAK/STAT signaling cascade is shown schematically in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The picture demonstrates how the virus binds to ACE2, triggering IL-6 signaling to activate the JAK/STAT pathway. Phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 results from the activation of JAK1 and TYK2. The potential of MSC-EVs to deliver miRNAs (such as miR-146a, miR-21, and miR-125b) that can alter signaling pathways and lower inflammation is illustrated. The dashed lines indicate possible treatment actions, and the arrows show paths of activation