Fig. 2

Overview of cell-based strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases. This diagram summarizes cell-based strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and NSCs, may rejuvenate existing cells and regenerate or replace damaged ones by serving as sources for generating neural cell types like neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Non-neuronal cells can also be directly reprogrammed into neurons, bypassing the stem cell stage. Additionally, aged neural cells undergo transient reprogramming to a stem-like state, promoting rejuvenation and potentially reversing age-related damage. These methods aim to produce functional neural cells that could replace or repair damaged cells in neurodegenerative conditions, helping to restore brain function and slow disease progression