Fig. 2

An overall summary of major hPSC derived pancreatic islet like beta cell differentiation protocols in sequential steps that recapitulate in vivo development. We classified the protocols into ‘Before 2014’ and ‘After 2014’ sections based on the significant breakthrough of generating mono hormonal insulin producing β cells after 2014. An overview of all major protocols, organized by their specific stages, time duration, important growth factors and small molecules that were added at each stage and their corresponding year of publication, is presented here

S1-S7, Stages from 1–7; hES, human embryonic stem cells; hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cells; DE, Definitive Endoderm; PGT, Primitive Gut Tube; PP1/2, Pancreatic Progenitor1/2; PE, Pancreatic Endocrine; EP, Endocrine progenitors; im.β cells, immatured β cells; T1D, Type 1 Diabetes; ND, Non diabetic