Fig. 3

Poly(I:C) priming increase the paracrine activity of MSC spheroids. (a) Representative images of antibody array membranes from MSC spheroid-derived conditioned medium, with or without poly(I:C) treatment. The relative signal intensities of spots for (b) cytokines, (c) chemoattractants, and (d) growth factors in the poly(I:C)-treated group were normalized to those of the untreated control group. (e) mRNA expression levels of growth factors expressed by MSCs determined by qPCR (n = 4). The data are represented as the means ± SDs. Student’s t test was used to determine the p values. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.005; ****p < 0.001