Table 3 Summary of clinical studies on the effect of conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells on hair growth

Seetharaman et al., 2019 [31]

Assessment of the treatment using mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in a patient with scalp psoriasis.

A 38-year-old man underwent daily topical application of MSC-CM to the affected areas for one month. Clinical parameters, including severity, changes, and clearance of psoriasis plaques, were monitored at regular intervals. The follow-up period lasted for 6 months.

assessment of the results using PSSI score

Before starting the treatment, multiple psoriatic erythematous plaques with silvery scales were observed in various areas of the scalp. Within 2 weeks of topical MSC-CM application, there was a significant reduction in the number of scales. By the end of one month, the silvery scales were completely removed, and the severity of the psoriasis plaques had diminished. The PSSI score decreased from 28 to 0.

Yuan, 2022 [34]

Assessment of the impact of adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium on alopecia.

Twenty-two patients (11 men and 11 women), aged between 20 and 70 years, received injections of adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium into the skin. Each treatment session involved a total injection volume of 3 to 4 ml. Six male patients were also given finasteride during the study. Treatments were administered every 3 to 5 weeks, with a total of 6 sessions. Additionally, a half-side comparison study was conducted with 10 patients (8 males and 2 females).

Counting the number of hairs using trichograms before and after treatment.

A significant increase in hair count was observed after treatment in both males (29% increase) and females (15.6% increase), with no significant difference between the sexes. In a half-side comparison study, the treatment side showed a notable increase in hair count compared to the placebo side. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium in treating alopecia.

Legiawati, 2024 [33]

Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned media in treating female pattern hair loss (FPHL).

Twenty-seven patients underwent treatment for FPHL using ADSC-CM, with sessions conducted once a week over a 12-week period.

Use of phototrichographic images

Appropriate After 12 weeks of treatment for FPHL, ADSC-CM demonstrated effectiveness, with hair density increasing from 4/105 to 122.7 strands/cm² and hair thickness improving from 57.5 μm to 64 μm. No severe side effects were reported among the patients, suggesting that ADSC-CM could be a promising treatment option for FPHL.

NI J, 2024 [35]

Assessment of a novel hair growth treatment utilizing conditioned medium from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-CM)

Twelve women and thirteen men participated in the study. The ADSC-CM solution, enriched with cytokines and growth factors, was supplemented with bußomedyl, cysteine, coenzyme Q10, and vitamins. The protein solution was administered 4 to 6 times at intervals of 3 to 5 weeks using mesotherapy techniques, including nappage and papule injections.

assessment of the results using visual analog scale

All patients treated with ADSC-CM experienced increased hair growth, with favorable results observed after four treatment sessions over a period of 3 to 4 months.

Suh, 2023 [32]

To investigate the effects of MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) on alopecia and assess its potential as an alternative treatment, particularly for women.

The study included 22 patients (11 males and 11 females) who were treated with MSC-CM. Trichograms were used to measure hair counts before and after treatment. Some male patients also received finasteride in addition to MSC-CM.

Hair count measurements before and after treatment, focusing on changes in hair density.

The study showed significant increases in hair density, with male patients experiencing a mean hair count increase of 29 ± 4.1% and female patients showing an increase of 14.6 ± 4.2%. There was no significant difference in alopecia improvement between male patients treated with MSC-CM alone versus those receiving MSC-CM combined with finasteride. However, combination therapy appeared more effective than MSC-CM alone, suggesting that MSC-CM could serve as a promising alternative treatment for alopecia, particularly in women.