Fig. 6

TXNIP deficiency does not enhance the in vivo functionality or maturation of SC-islets in NOD-SCID mice post-implantation. A Schematic showing TXNIP^−/− and TXNIP^+/+ SC-islet implantation and timeline of functional assessments. Streptozotocin (STZ) injection leads to murine pancreas ablation. Implanted SC-islets take over glycaemic control. B Random glycaemia measurements at weeks 8, 12, and 16 after TXNIP^−/− and TXNIP^+/+ SC-islet implantation in male and female NOD-SCID mice (♂ n = 4–7, ♀ n = 5–7, mean ± SEM). C Fasting human C-peptide measurements at weeks 12 and 16 after TXNIP^−/− and TXNIP^+/+ SC-islet implantation in male and female NOD-SCID mice (♂ n = 6–8, ♀ n = 7–10, mean ± SEM, ordinary two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparison test). D GTT with the corresponding area under the curve (AUC) at week 16 post-implantation of TXNIP^−/− and TXNIP^+/+ SC-islet in male and female NOD-SCID mice (♂ n = 6–8, ♀ n = 6–10, mean ± SEM, unpaired student’s t-test). E GSIS with the corresponding AUC at week 16 post-implantation of TXNIP^−/− and TXNIP^+/+ SC-islet in male and female NOD-SCID mice (♂ n = 5–8, ♀ n = 4–16, mean ± SEM, unpaired student’s t-test). F Random glycaemia of implanted TXNIP^−/− and TXNIP^+/+ SC-islet male NOD-SCID mice. On the left of the graph break, measurements at weeks 8, 12 and 16 show lowering of blood glucose concentration to human levels. On the right, glycaemia is followed daily after STZ injection. After survival nephrectomy, glycaemia was measured daily until euthanasia to confirm diabetes development (n = 3–4, mean ± SEM, unpaired student’s t-test). G Immunohistochemical staining of explanted TXNIP^−/− and TXNIP^+/+ SC-islet confirms expression of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin, indicating successful engraftment and functionality with no differences between the genotypes. Scale bar, 50 μm