Fig. 9

In vitro functional assays in an iBVO senescence model for EV therapeutic evaluation. (A) (i) ROS reduction relative to cells induced with D-galactose. (ii) Representative ROS images; (B) Relative cell proliferation compared to cells induced with D-galactose. (ii) Representative cell proliferation images; (C) (i) Relative mitochondrial activity compared to cells induced with D-galactose. (ii) Representative mitochondrial activity images. Scale bar: 100 μm. N = 3, *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001. N.S.: not significant