Fig. 1

The appropriate concentrations of sildenafil enhanced the proliferation and migration of hBMSCs in vitro. A. Chemical structure of sildenafil; B. hBMSC growth curve derived using the CCK-8 assay; C, D. The transwell assay was employed to investigate how sildenafil at different concentrations affected hBMSC migration; E, F. The morphologies and quantitative analyses of the scratch assay migration areas used to explore the effects of sildenafil at different concentrations on hBMSC migration. The data are means ± standard deviations. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared to the PM group. N ≥ 3. Transwell assay image [scale bar]: 100 μm. Scratch assay image [scale bar]: 500 μm. hBMSCs, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells