Fig. 9
The effects of adding extracellular vesicles from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (hiPSC-NSC-EVs) into iNeurons cultures on Aβ-42 oligomers (Aβ-42o)-induced increase in the expression of genes encoding mitochondrial complex proteins, decrease in autophagy-related proteins and tau phosphorylation. The bar charts (A-H) compare the relative expression of genes Ndufs6 (A), Ndufs7 (B), Sdha (C), Sdhb (D), Cyc1 (E), Bcs1l (F), Cox6a1 (G) and Atp6ap1 (H) in neuronal cultures (iNeurons 1) between control, Aβ-42o exposed, and Aβ-42o and 6 × 109 hiPSC-NSC-EVs treated groups. The bar charts I and J compare the concentrations of autophagy-related proteins Beclin 1 (I) and MAP1LC3B (J) in neuronal cultures (iNeurons 1) between control, Aβ-42o exposed, and Aβ-42o and 6 × 109 hiPSC-NSC-EVs treated groups. The bar charts K and L compare the concentrations of total tau (K) and phosphorylated-tau (p-tau, L) neuronal cultures (iNeurons 1) between control, Aβ-42o exposed, and Aβ-42o and 6 × 109 hiPSC-NSC-EVs treated groups. The blot M displays the relative tau and p-tau levels in neuronal cultures (iNeurons 1) from the control, Aβ-42o-treated, and Aβ-42o plus 6 × 109 hiPSC-NSC-EVs treated groups. The bar charts N and O compare the relative levels of total tau (K) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau, L) in neuronal cultures between control, Aβ-42o exposed, and Aβ-42o and 6 × 109 hiPSC-NSC-EVs treated groups. The experiments comprised measurements from 3 biological replicates/group