Fig. 4

The concentration changes of cytokines secreted by macrophages under different treatment conditions (M0, M0 + LPS + IFN-γ, M0 + LPS + IFN-γ + iMSCs, and iMSCs + LPS + IFN-γ). A Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17). B Anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10). C Growth factors (PDGF-BB, VEGF). D Chemokines (RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1α). (E) Immune-related cytokines (IL-2, IL-5, IL-9, IL-15). Each bar chart represents the concentration of an individual cytokine (pg/ml). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant (P > 0.05)