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Table 5 Methodological comparison

From: The Immunomodulatory mechanism and research progress of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

Method

Advantages

Limitations

AR-Specific Recommendations

Ultracentrifugation

High purity, low cost

Aggregation, protein contamination

Combine with SEC for nasal delivery

Commercial Kits

Fast, user-friendly

Co-isolates contaminants

Avoid for miRNA profiling

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

Preserves vesicle integrity

Low yield, equipment-dependent

Ideal for functional in vivo studies