Fig. 1

Exo biogenesis and secretion routes inside the host cells. Internalized Exos are packed inside the intracellular vesicles named early endosomes. Early endosomes mature into later endosomes and MVBs. Along with these changes, several new ILVs are generated via the invagination of the vesicle membrane. Several biomolecules are sequestrated inside the ILVs. MVBs with numerous ILVs are guided toward lysosomal degradation to fuse cell membranes to release their contents (ILVs) into the extracellular matrix where they are called hereafter Exos