Table 2 m⁶A methylation modification regulates MSC adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation

adipogenic differentiation

METTL3↑、YTHDF2

inhibition

JAK1↓/ STAT5、C/EBPβ↓

Pig BMSCs

[113]

METTL3↓

promotion

AKT↑

AML-MSCs

[114]

FTO↑、YTHDF2

promotion

JAK2↑/ p-STAT3↑/ C/EBPβ↑

Porcine primary preadipocytes

[115]

ALKBH5↑

inhibition

TRAF4↑/ kinase activity of PKM2↑/ β-catenin↑

Human MSCS

[116]

FTO↑、YTHDF2

promotion

CCNA2、CDK2↑/MCE↑

Mouse 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes

[117, 118]

METTL3↑、

YTHDF2

inhibition

ZFP217 ↓/ METTL3↑/cyclin D1↓

Mouse 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes

[119]

WTAP-METTL3-METTL14↑

promotion

CCNA2↑/ MCE↑

Mouse 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes

[121]

YTHDF1

promotion

PNPLA2↑、MTCH2↑、

Pig intramuscular preadipocytes

[122, 123]

FTO

promotion

pro-adipogenic short isoform of RUNX1T1↑

Mouse primary adipocytes

[125]

FTO

promotion

GDF11- C/EBPα↑/FTO↑/ PPARG↑

Human BMSCS

[23]

chondrogenic differentiation

METTL3↑

promotion

MMP3、MMP13、GATA3↑

Rat SMSCs

[127]

METTL3↑、YTHDF2、

eEF1α-1

promotion

Sox9↑

Rat BMSCs

[128]

YTHDF1↑

promotion

Dmp1↑

Mouse chondrocyte line ATDC5

[129]

YTHDF1↑

promotion

Wnt/β-catenin↑

Human BMSCS

[131]

METTL3↑、YTHDC1

promotion

CircRNA3634↑/

miR-124486-5↓/MAPK1↑

C nippon antlers cells

[130]