Table 5 m⁶A methylation modification in OP and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD)

Osteoporosis

METTL3↑、IGF2BP1

inhibition

Runx2↑

Human BMSCs

[175, 176]

YTHDF1↑

inhibition

ZNF839↑/ Runx2↑

Human BMSCs

[177]

FTO↑

inhibition

RBM4↑/ Runx2↑

Human DPSCs

[178]

METTL3↑、IGF2BP2/3

inhibition

ACLY↑、SLC25A1↑

Human DPSCs

[179]

METTL3↑

promotion

ASK1-p38↑、SLC7A11 ↑、GPX4↑

Mouse MC3T3-E1 cells

[180]

FTO↑、YTHDF1

inhibition

PPARG↓

Human MSCs

[181]

FTO↑

inhibition

Hsp70↑/NF-κB↓

Mouse Osteoblasts

[182]

METTL3↑

promotion

FSH↑/ CREB phosphorylation↑/ METTL3↑/CTSK↑

Mouse Osteoblasts

[183]

METTL14↑、YTHDF2

inhibition

zoledronic acid↑/ METTL14↑/ NFATc1↓

Mouse RAW264.7 monocytic cells

[184]

METTL14↑

inhibition

TCF1↓、SIRT1↓/ Wnt/β-catenin↑

Mouse BMSCs and BMM s

[185, 186]

FTO↑

inhibition

TLR4↓

Mouse RAW264.7 monocytic cells

[187]

IVDD

METTL3↑

promotion

SIAH1↑/ XIAP↓

Human NPCs

[192]

METTL14↑、IGF2BP2

promotion

NLRP3↑/ IL-1β↑、IL-18↑

Human NPCs

[193]

METTL14↑、IGF2BP1

promotion

DIXDC1↑/ Wnt/β-catenin↑

Human NPCs

[194]

METTL16↑

promotion

oxidative stress↑/ METTL16↑/MAT2A↓

Human NPCs

[195]

ALKBH5↑、YTHDF2

inhibition

FIP200↑/ autophagic flux↑

Human NPCs

[196]

ALKBH5↑、YTHDF2

Promotion

DNMT3B↑/E4F1↓

Human NPCs

[197]

METTL3↑

Promotion

TNF-α↑/ METTL3↑/ miR-143-3p↑/ SOX5↓

Human NPCs

[198]

METTL14↑

Promotion

miR-34a-5p↑/ SIRT1↓

Human NPCs

[199]

WTAP↑、YTHDF2

Promotion

lncRNA NORAD↓/PUMILIO sequestraion↓/ PUM1/2 activity↑/ E2F3↓

Human NPCs

[200]

YTHDF2↑

inhibition

CirGPATCH2L↓/ phosphorylation of TRIM28↑/ p53↑

Human NPCs

[201]

METTL3↑

Promotion

SOX9↓/ COL2A1↓

Human endplate chondrocytes

[202]

METTL3↑

Promotion

miR-126-5p↑/PIK3R2↓/PI3K/AKT↓

Human endplate chondrocytes

[154]